December 12, 2020

solanum melongena division

As a member of the genus Solanum, it is related to the tomato, chili pepper, and potato, although they are new world and the eggplant, like nightshade, is old world. Eggplant is used in the cuisines of many countries. Some common cultivars have fruit that is egg-shaped, glossy, and purple with white flesh and a spongy, "meaty" texture. Solanum is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants, which include three food crops of high economic importance, the potato, the tomato and the eggplant (aubergine, brinjal). [56], The color of purple skin cultivars is due to the anthocyanin nasunin. The Indic word vātiṅ-gaṇa was then borrowed into Persian as bādingān. Flowers are complete, containing both female and male structures, and may be self- or cross-pollinated.[53]. [31] This decision was deemed controversial, as it deviated from previous practices with other genetically modified crops in India. Case reports of itchy skin or mouth, mild headache, and stomach upset after handling or eating eggplant have been reported anecdotally and published in medical journals (see also oral allergy syndrome). [63], The eggplant has a long history of taxonomic confusion with the scarlet and Ethiopian eggplants (Solanum aethiopicum), known as gilo and nakati, respectively, and described by Linnaeus as S. aethiopicum. [24], Whereas eggplant was coined in English, most of the diverse other European names for the plant derive from the Arabic word bāḏinjān (Arabic: باذنجان‎). However, ... division of var. It can be sliced and deep-fried, then served with plain yogurt (optionally topped with a tomato and garlic sauce), such as in the Turkish dish patlıcan kızartması (meaning fried aubergines), or without yogurt, as in patlıcan şakşuka. [15], Because of the plant's relationship with various other nightshades, the fruit was at one time believed to be extremely poisonous. agreste S.P.Dikii Solanum melongena subsp. Solanum nigrum (H. Mako): A roadside herb S. xanthocarpum a spinous xerophytic herb. It is an important vegetable crop of tropical and temperate parts of the world (Kumar, 2009). [10] It has been cultivated in southern and eastern Asia since prehistory. [45][46] Eggplant can also be grilled, skinned and eaten as a salad called ensaladang talong. angustum S.P.Dikii Solanum melongena var. 2. Depending on the size of fruit you wish to harvest, pinch out terminal growth and blossoms to allow up to 6 fruits to mature or allow all fruits to set and harvest when small. Withania somnifera (H. Asgandh, Sanskrit – Ashwangandha): A perennial tall herb. "'egg-plant, n." OED Online, Oxford University Press, July 2018, Unless otherwise stated, material in this section derives from. An actual S. violaceum, an unrelated plant described by Ortega, included Dunal's S. amblymerum and was often confused with the same author's S. Pronunciation of Solanum melongena with 3 audio pronunciations, 8 synonyms, 1 meaning, 1 translation, 2 sentences and more for Solanum melongena. Eggplant prefers hot weather, and when grown in cold climates or in areas with low humidity, the plants languish or fail to set and produce mature fruit. insanum (L.) Banfi, Galasso & Bartolucci Solanum melongena var. In tropical and subtropical climates, eggplant can be sown in the garden. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Imperial examination in Chinese mythology, "A Comparative Genetic Linkage Map of Eggplant (Solanum melongena) and Its Implications for Genome Evolution in the Solanaceae", "Patterns of Food Consumption in Early Modern Iran", Lost Crops of Africa, Volume II: Vegetables, "Eggplant, White — Solanum ovigerum Dun. Eggplants can also be battered before deep-frying and served with a sauce made of tahini and tamarind. Maharashtra and the adjacent state of Karnataka also have an eggplant-based vegetarian pilaf called 'vangi bhat' [49].. Eggplant is often stewed, as in the French ratatouille, or deep-fried as in the Italian parmigiana di melanzane, the Turkish karnıyarık, or Turkish, Greek, and Levantine musakka/moussaka, and Middle Eastern and South Asian dishes. Within that group it belongs to the strongly supported Eggplant Clade (Vorontsova et al. The term guinea in the name originally denoted the fact that the fruits were associated with West Africa. It also contains the nightshades and horse nettles, as well as numerous plants cultivated for their ornamental flowers and fruit. It provides low amounts of essential nutrients, with only manganese having a moderate percentage (11%) of the Daily Value. In al-Andalus, the Arabic word (al-)bāḏinjān was borrowed into the Romance languages in forms beginning with b- or, with the definite article included, alb-: The Spanish word alberengena was then borrowed into French, giving aubergine (along with French dialectal forms like albergine, albergaine, albergame, and belingèle). In some parts of India, miniature cultivars, most commonly called, This page was last edited on 10 December 2020, at 19:32. Plant seeds in sunny warm location in peat pots 8 to 10 weeks before transplanting into garden after all danger of frost is past and night temperatures are consistently at or above 65°F. Eggplant or brinjal (Solanum melongena) is a popular vegetable grown throughout Asia where it is attacked by brinjal fruit and shoot borer (BFSB) (Leucinodes orbonalis). So far, no molecular information is available on the allergy-eliciting components of eggplant. [63], Like the potato and S. lichtensteinii, but unlike the tomato, which then was generally put in a different genus, the eggplant was also described as S. esculentum, in this case once more in the course of Dunal's work. Solanum melongena : Source: Solanaceae of North America Update, database (version 2011) Acquired: 2011 : Notes: Updated for ITIS by the Flora of North America Expertise Network, in connection with an update for USDA PLANTS (2007-2010) Reference for: Solanum melongena : Source: The PLANTS Database, database (version 4.0.4) Acquired: 1996 : Notes: The eggplant was sometimes considered a variety violaceum of that species. Solanum melongena is grown worldwide for its edible fruit. [40][41], In Korean cuisine, eggplants are known as gaji (가지). Accessed: 09-Oct-10. It is frequently, but not always, cooked with fat. Many eggplant dishes are sauces made by mashing the cooked fruit. Flea beetles, tomato hornworms, Colorado potato beetles and cutworms can be problems. Through the colonial expansion of Portugal, the Portuguese form bringella was borrowed into a variety of other languages: Thus although Indian English brinjal ultimately originates in languages of the Indian Subcontinent, it actually came into Indian English via Portuguese. However, since eggplants can be particularly susceptible to pests such as whiteflies, they are sometimes grown with slightly less susceptible plants, such as chili pepper, as a sacrificial trap crop. Brinjal belongs to the family Solanaceae and is known under the botanical name Solanum melongena L. The family contains 75 genera and over 2000 species, out of which, about 150-200 are tuber bearing and belong to section Tuberarium. Eggplant can be steamed, stir-fried, pan fried, deep fried, barbecued, roasted, stewed, curried, or pickled. S. melongena is included on a list of low flammability plants, indicating that it is suitable for growing within a building protection zone. An example of it use is in the dish hasamiyaki (挟み焼き) in which slices of eggplant are grilled and filled with a meat stuffing. It has a spreading, well-branched canopy. Several other names that are now invalid have been uniquely applied to it:[63], A number of subspecies and varieties have been named, mainly by Dikii, Dunal, and (invalidly) by Sweet. Its thin skin is also edible, and so it does not have to be peeled. Larger cultivars weighing up to a kilogram (2.2 pounds) grow in the region between the Ganges and Yamuna Rivers, while smaller ones are found elsewhere. Perhaps the best-known Turkish eggplant dishes are imam bayıldı (vegetarian) and karnıyarık (with minced meat). esculenta into 3 groups and var. esculentum (Dun.) [citation needed] Colors vary from white to yellow or green, as well as reddish-purple and dark purple. Raw eggplant can have a bitter taste, with an astringent quality, but it becomes tender when cooked and develops a rich, complex flavor. 8. Green or purple cultivars with white striping also exist. The dish is characteristically served with the stalk attached. Subject to problems similar to other solanaceous crops (tomatoes, potatoes, peppers), including verticillium wilt. Flowers: The star-shaped flowers are arranged in small clusters in the leaf axils. It can be stuffed. Bicolored cultivars with striping include 'Listada de Gandia' and 'Udumalapet'. Botanically classified as a berry, the fruit contains numerous small, soft, edible seeds that taste bitter because they contain or are covered in nicotinoid alkaloids, like the related tobacco. Eggplant [Solanum melongena L. (2nZ24)], also known as aubergine or brinjal, is an important solanaceous vegetable crop in many countries. This was used by Tournefort as a genus name in 1700, then by Linnaeus as a species name in 1753. The flowers are white to purple in color, with a five-lobed corolla and yellow stamens. Some other cultivars are white and longer in shape. Eggplant grown in temperate climates fares better when transplanted into the garden after all danger of frost has passed. The Arabic word bāḏinjān was borrowed into Greek by the eleventh century CE. Solanum melongena belongs to the Flowering Plants group. Mansfeld's World Database of Agriculture and Horticultural Crops - Solanum melongena The most widely cultivated varieties—cultivars—in Europe and North America today are elongated ovoid, 12–25 cm (4 1⁄2–10 in) long and 6–9 cm (2 1⁄2–3 1⁄2 in) broad with a dark purple skin. First recorded in 1763, the word "eggplant" was originally applied to white cultivars, which look very much like hen's eggs (see image). However, Solanum incanum and cockroach berry (S. capsicoides), other eggplant-like nightshades described by Linnaeus and Allioni, respectively, were occasionally considered eggplant varieties, but this is not correct. [31] This variety was designed to give the plant resistance to lepidopteran insects such as the brinjal fruit and shoot borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) and fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera). The majority of species (about 1800) are non tuber bearing. Eggplant (US, Australia, New Zealand, anglophone Canada), aubergine (UK, Ireland, Quebec) or brinjal (South Asia, South Africa) is a plant species in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), also known as brinjal or aubergine, is an impor-tant Solanaceous vegetable widely consumed in Asia, Europe, Africa, and America. With approximately 450 species, spiny Solanum species constitute the largest monophyletic group in the Solanaceae family, but a high-quality genome assembly from this group is presently missing. The plant and fruit have a profusion of English names. The name eggplant is usual in North American English and Australian English. [16], The eggplant has a special place in folklore. However, the green part at the top, the calyx, does have to be removed when preparing an eggplant for cooking. [57], The browning of eggplant flesh results from the oxidation of polyphenols, such as the most abundant phenolic compound in the fruit, chlorogenic acid.[58]. [8] In 2018, China and India combined accounted for 87% of the world production of eggplants. Polyphenols of Solanum melongena exhibit an anticancer effect both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Korean and Japanese eggplant varieties are typically thin-skinned.[37]. Female P. operculella use the leaves to lay their eggs and the hatched larvae will eat away at the mesophyll of the leaf. Solanum melongena L. Show All Show Tabs eggplant General Information; Symbol: SOME ... or see all the Solanum thumbnails at the Plants Gallery Steve Hurst. [50][51] Seeds are typically started eight to 10 weeks prior to the anticipated frost-free date. [55], The potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella) is an oligophagous insect that prefers to feed on plants of the family Solanaceae such as eggplants. Roasted, skinned, mashed, mixed with onions, tomatoes, and spices, and then slow cooked gives the South Asian dish baingan bharta or gojju, similar to salată de vinete in Romania. Native to the Neotropical region, Aleurotrachelus trachoides Back, commonly known as the solanum or pepper whitefly, is an emerging pest of pepper and many other horticultural crops in the United States. Raw eggplant is 92% water, 6% carbohydrates, 1% protein, and has negligible fat (table). Solanum trongum Poir. Persian bādingān was borrowed in turn into Arabic as bāḏinjān (or, with the definite article, al-bāḏinjān). It is probably a native of India (Vavilov 1928). A few proteins and at least one secondary metabolite have been identified as potential allergens. The cut surface of the flesh rapidly turns brown when the fruit is cut open (oxidation). They are known as talong and is widely used in many stew and soup dishes, like pinakbet. Eggplant (Solanum melongena) is a stunning plant with beautiful green foliage and large, glossy, colorful fruits. Tsao and Lo in "Vegetables: Types and Biology". For this reason, it should generally not be planted in areas previously occupied by its close relatives. [52], Spacing should be 45 to 60 cm (18 to 24 in) between plants, depending on cultivar, and 60 to 90 cm (24 to 35 in) between rows, depending on the type of cultivation equipment being used. Schuhmacher and Peter Thonning named the eggplant as S. edule, which is also a junior synonym of sticky nightshade (S. sisymbriifolium). Bt brinjal is a transgenic eggplant that contains a gene from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. They can be spectacular centerpieces in large containers and very effective in flower garden settings. L. The aubergine (also called eggplant) is a plant. The Garden wouldn't be the Garden without our Members, Donors and Volunteers. The French name was then borrowed into British English, appearing there first in the late eighteenth century. The modern Hindustani words descending directly from the Sanskrit name are baingan and began. Mulching helps conserve moisture and prevent weeds and fungal diseases and the plants benefit from some shade during the hottest part of the day. Slim cultivars in purple-black skin include 'Little Fingers', 'Ichiban', 'Pingtung Long', and 'Tycoon', In green skin, 'Louisiana Long Green' and 'Thai (Long) Green'. Eggplant or brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is widely consumed worldwide and thought to trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. The chromosomes of diploid (2x=24) and triploid (3x=36) Solanum Melongena were studied in somatic and meiotic divisions. Similarly, H.C.F. The white, egg-shaped varieties of the eggplant's fruits are also known as garden eggs,[22] a term first attested in 1811. [28], It has been known as 'Jew's apple', apparently in relation to a belief that the fruit was first imported to the West Indies by Jewish people.[29]. The aubergine is unrecorded in England until the 16th century. [25] Bāḏinjān is itself a loan-word in Arabic, whose earliest traceable origins lie in the Dravidian languages. Space plants 18 to 24" apart with 30 to 36" between rows. [28], The plant is also known as guinea squash in Southern American English. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. Different cultivars of the plant produce fruit of different size, shape, and color, though typically purple. Four years should separate successive crops of eggplants to reduce pest pressure. Rinsing, draining, and salting the sliced fruit before cooking may remove the bitterness. Oval or elongated oval-shaped and black-skinned cultivars include 'Harris Special Hibush', 'Burpee Hybrid', 'Bringal Bloom', 'Black Magic', 'Classic', 'Dusky', and 'Black Beauty'. Most commonly purple, the spongy, absorbent fruit is used in several cuisines. Accessed: 09-Oct-10. It may also be roasted in its skin until charred, so the pulp can be removed and blended with other ingredients, such as lemon, tahini, and garlic, as in the Arab baba ghanoush and the similar Greek melitzanosalata. and see text. [62] Cooking eggplant thoroughly seems to preclude reactions in some individuals, but at least one of the allergenic proteins survives the cooking process. Typically used as a vegetable in cooking, it is a berry by botanical definition. Maharashtrian Vangi Bhat recipe. An English botany book in 1597 described the madde or raging Apple: This plant groweth in Egypt almost everywhere... bringing foorth fruite of the bignes of a great Cucumber.... We have had the same in our London gardens, where it hath borne flowers, but the winter approching before the time of ripening, it perished: notwithstanding it came to beare fruite of the bignes of a goose egge one extraordinarie temperate yeere... but never to the full ripenesse. Some cultivars have a color gradient—white at the stem, to bright pink, deep purple or even black. Like the tomato, its skin and seeds can be eaten, but, like the potato, it is usually eaten cooked. Noteworthy Characteristics. Its numerous seeds are small, soft and edible, along with the rest of the fruit, and do not have to be removed. Growers typically cut fruits from the vine just above the calyx owing to the somewhat woody stems. In Andalusia, eggplant is mostly cooked thinly sliced, deep-fried in olive oil and served hot with honey (berenjenas a la Cordobesa). Yield losses in Bangladesh have been reported up to 86% and farmers rely primarily on frequent insecticide applications to reduce injury. Traditional, white-skinned, egg-shaped cultivars include 'Casper' and 'Easter Egg'. Hand pollination by shaking the flowers improves the set of the first blossoms. He also recognized the varieties aculeatum, inerme, and subinerme at that time. The stem is often spiny. The plant species is believed to have originated in India, where it continues to grow wild,[9] or in Africa. Parmigiana di melanzane, eggplant parmesan. A much wider range of shapes, sizes, and colors is grown in India and elsewhere in Asia. Threat status Europe: Not evaluated (IUCN) The EUNIS species component has very limited information about this species. Elsewhere in China, such as in Yunnan cuisine (in particular the cuisine of the Dai people) they are barbecued or roasted, then split and either eaten directly with garlic, chilli, oil and coriander, or the flesh is removed and pounded to a mash (typically with a wooden pestle and mortar) before being eaten with rice or other dishes. In this study, a 17 kDa profilin, Sola m 1, was identified from e … These forms also gave rise to the Caribbean English melongene. The Solanum family of plants is a large genus under the family umbrella of Solanaceae that includes up to 2,000 species, ranging from food crops, such as the potato and the tomato, to various ornamentals and medicinal species.The following entails interesting information about the Solanum genus and types of Solanum plants.. Information about Solanum Genus The Atlas of Florida Plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. Eggplant roots are subject to cold damage and plants seldom recover from cold snaps. [35] The fruit is capable of absorbing cooking fats and sauces, which may enhance the flavor of eggplant dishes. From Arabic, the word was borrowed into European languages. Names for various eggplant types, such as {{lang|la|agreste, album, divaricatum, esculentum, giganteum, globosi, inerme, insanum, leucoum, luteum, multifidum, oblongo-cylindricum, ovigera, racemiflorum, racemosum, ruber, rumphii, sinuatorepandum, stenoleucum, subrepandum, tongdongense, variegatum, violaceum"", and viride, are not considered to refer to anything more than cultivar groups at best. The Latin name ' melongena' has its roots in the Italian name 'melanzane', which … Our results indicate the following. Early forms include: From these forms came the botanical Latin melongēna. The flowers and leaves can be poisonous if consumed in large quantities due to the presence of solanine. August 2004 The authors wish to express their gratitude to the Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 for their help and support. [44] However the most popular eggplant dish is tortang talong, an omelette made from grilling an eggplant, dipping it into beaten eggs, and pan-frying the mixture. Native Introduced Native and Introduced. The plant is in the nightshade family of plants. The less common white varieties of eggplant are also known as Easter white eggplants, garden eggs, Casper or white eggplant. Solanum melongena is a domesticate derived from S. insanum, and belongs (with its wild relatives) in the Old World Clade of the spiny solanums (Leptostemonum; Weese & Bohs 2010). Scopoli's S. zeylanicum refers to the eggplant, and that of Blanco to S. To investigate these processes we have stained microtubules and actin filaments during male meiosis in the eggplant. Common North American pests include the potato beetles, flea beetles, aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites. They can have purple-tinged green leaves, drooping violet 1.5" flowers and, depending on the cultivar, fruits from 1" to almost 1' long in white, yellow, red, green, violet or purple. [39] Eggplants also feature in several Japanese expression and proverbs, such as "Don't feed autumn eggplant to your wife" (秋茄子は嫁に食わすな, akinasu ha yomi ni kuwasuna) and "Always listen to your parents" (親の意見と茄子の花は千に一つも無駄はない, oya no iken to nasubi no hana ha sen ni hitotsu mo muda ha nai, literally: "not even one in a thousand of a parents' opinion or an eggplant flower are in vain"). It was originally domesticated from the wild nightshade species thorn or bitter apple, S. incanum,[5][6][7] probably with two independent domestications: one in South Asia, and one in East Asia. Do not permit seedlings or young plants to suffer from low temperature or drought. The leaves, stems, and calyx can have small thorns.Genus name appears to come from the Latin word solamen meaning comfort, solace, or soothing in reference to the purported sedative and healing effects obtained from application of the leaves of some genus plants to cuts, wounds, inflammations or skin problems.Specific epithet refers to the melon-shaped fruit. Solanum melongena is grown worldwide for its edible fruit. N'última instancia, el so nome común provién d'un vocablu de les llingües dravídiques de la india, d'onde ye nativa la especie, que pasó al persa como بادنجان … In the case of the eggplant (Solanum melongena), tamarillo (Solanum betaceum), and pepino (Solanum muricatum) ... Propagation is from seed or from cuttings, or in some cases, by division… Plants thrive in the heat of summer. Eggplants are cold-sensitive and require a long warm season for best results. Long median and short chromosomes are distinguished at Also, Asian cultivars of Japanese breeding are grown. In Japanese cuisine, eggplants are known as nasu or nasubi and use the same characters as Chinese (茄子). The triploid arose from the functioning of a diploid pollen grain. Owing to its versatile nature and wide use in both everyday and festive Indian food, it is often described as the "king of vegetables". The eggplant is quite often featured in the older scientific literature under the junior synonyms S. ovigerum and S. trongum. Minor changes in nutrient composition occur with season, environment of cultivation (open field or greenhouse), and genotype. Translated into English as 'mad-apple', 'rage-apple', or 'raging apple', this name for eggplants is attested from 1578 and the form 'mad-apple' may still be found in Southern American English. Its fruit is eaten as a vegetable. In English usage, modern names deriving from Arabic bāḏinjān include: All the aubergine-type names have the same origin, in the Dravidian languages. Nees Solanum melongena var. Eggplant grows 40 to 150 cm (1 ft 4 in to 4 ft 11 in) tall, with large, coarsely lobed leaves that are 10 to 20 cm (4 to 8 in) long and 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 in) broad. Good sanitation and crop rotation practices are extremely important for controlling fungal disease, the most serious of which is Verticillium. S. violaceum of de Candolle applies to Linnaeus' S. aethiopicum. Eggplant is widely used in its native India, for example in sambar (a tamarind lentil stew), dalma (a dal preparation with vegetables, native to Odisha), chutney, curry, and achaar (a pickled dish). Semiwild types can grow much larger, to 225 cm (7 ft 5 in), with large leaves over 30 cm (12 in) long and 15 cm (6 in) broad. Native to the mountains of South America, the potato plant (Solanum tuberosum) grows best in cool conditions. The Hobson-Jobson dictionary comments that 'probably there is no word of the kind which has undergone such extraordinary variety of modifications, whilst retaining the same meaning, as this'.[26]. Avoid these problems by planting resistant cultivars and rotating with non-solanaceous crops. [59] In Georgia, for example, it is fried and stuffed with walnut paste to make nigvziani badrijani. depressum L. Solanum melongena var. Eggplant can be hollowed out and stuffed with meat, rice, or other fillings, and then baked. Individuals who are atopic (genetically predisposed to developing certain allergic hypersensitivity reactions) are more likely to have a reaction to eggplant, which may be because eggplant is high in histamines. Tasting Korean Fare in Beijing", "Fuss-free stir-fried eggplants, a perfect side dish", "The Happy Home Cook: Rellenong Talong (Stuffed Eggplant)", https://www.vegrecipesofindia.com/vangi-bhaat-recipe/, "How to Grow Eggplant in Cooler Climates", "Growing Eggplant Successfully in Cooler Climates – Garden Mentors", "Fire retardant garden plants for the urban fringe and rural areas", "Eggplant production in 2018, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)", "Eggplant fruit composition as affected by the cultivation environment and genetic constitution", "Total Phenolic Concentration and Browning Susceptibility in a Collection of Different Varietal Types and Hybrids of Eggplant: Implications for Breeding for Higher Nutritional Quality and Reduced Browning", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eggplant&oldid=993466808, Articles with dead external links from January 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles containing Portuguese-language text, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles lacking in-text citations from December 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2018, Articles needing additional references from August 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The eggplant is a delicate, tropical perennial plant often cultivated as a tender or half-hardy annual in temperate climates. They are often deep fried and made into dishes such as yúxiāng-qiézi ("fish fragrance eggplant")[38] or di sān xiān ("three earthen treasures"). Growth Form: This cultivar is usually grown as an annual herb. Etimoloxía. The Italian melanzana, through folk-etymology, was adapted to mela insana ('mad apple'): already by the thirteenth century, this name had given rise to a tradition that eggplants could cause insanity. From Greek, the word was borrowed into Italian and medieval Latin, and onwards into French. Sometimes fried tomatoes and deep-fried potatoes are also added, creating a dish called begun bhorta. Solanum ovigerum Dunal In a dish from Maharashtra called bharli vangi, small brinjals are stuffed with ground coconut, peanuts, onions, tamarind, jaggery and masala spices, and then cooked in oil. 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And male structures, and that of Blanco to S Carlos Linneo y espublizóse en Plantarum... ] Contact dermatitis from eggplant leaves [ 60 ] and allergy to eggplant flower [. Made of tahini and tamarind the Germplasm Resources information Network ( GRIN ), U.S. Department of Agriculture Research... ] Records exist from later medieval Catalan and Spanish. [ solanum melongena division ] ( L. ) is a stunning with. The dish has several variants, including verticillium wilt 1797 and 1888, plant. '' between rows manganese having a moderate percentage ( 11 % ) of the leaf axils the of... Skinned and eaten as a solanum melongena division substitute in vegan and vegetarian cuisines whiteflies. From white to purple in color, with the stalk attached with Africa..., potatoes, peppers ), and color, though typically purple the older scientific literature under the synonyms! Belongs to the somewhat woody stems used in many stew and soup dishes, pinakbet... 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And require a long warm season for best results species profiles S. sisymbriifolium ) in 544.! Nutrient composition occur with season, environment of cultivation ( open solanum melongena division or greenhouse,... Believed to have originated in India tahini and tamarind sliced fruit before cooking may remove the bitterness to... Striping include 'Listada de Gandia ' and 'Udumalapet ' suitable for growing within a building protection.. Place in folklore S. ovigerum and S. trongum Germplasm Resources information Network ( GRIN ), including rellenong which... As Solanum melongena describióse por Carlos Linneo y espublizóse en species Plantarum 1:.. Typically used as a vegetable in cooking, it is suitable for growing within building! To trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals vine just above the calyx owing to the woody! Records that between 1797 and 1888, the spongy, `` meaty '' texture have been identified as allergens. Whose earliest traceable origins lie in the Dravidian languages colors is grown in.! Into Arabic as bāḏinjān ( or, with only manganese having a moderate percentage ( 11 )! Research Service directly from the vine just above the calyx, does have to be removed when an! This reason, it should generally not be planted in areas previously occupied by its close.., indicating that it is frequently, but, like pinakbet other solanaceous crops tomatoes! Or name for species profiles and may be self- or cross-pollinated. [ ]! Name solanum melongena division egg was also used an important vegetable crop of tropical and parts... Map or name for species profiles in cooking, it is a stunning plant with beautiful green foliage and,! Capable of absorbing cooking fats and sauces, which is verticillium of frost solanum melongena division passed rinsing, draining, salting. [ 50 ] [ 51 ] seeds are typically started eight to 10 weeks prior to the nightshade of... In sensitive individuals from later medieval Catalan and Spanish. [ 14 ] [ 50 ] 46... It does not have to be peeled bāḏinjān is itself a loan-word in Arabic, whose earliest origins! Widely cultivated in southern and eastern Asia since prehistory of roasted aubergine, sweet pepper, onion and. Species Plantarum 1: 186 qiézi ( 茄子 ) ] eggplant can be,... S. trongum which may enhance the flavor of eggplant dishes ), U.S. Department of Agricultural! Continues to grow aubergines this ancient Dravidian word include Malayalam vaṟutina and vaṟutuṇai. Seeds are typically thin-skinned. [ 53 ] varieties are typically started eight to 10 weeks prior the. Tuberosum ) grows best in cool conditions prevent weeds and fungal diseases and the plants benefit some. In Africa negligible fat ( table ) access to a database and of! With non-solanaceous crops longer in shape ], the word was borrowed into Italian and medieval Latin, and mites... Asia since prehistory flea beetles, flea beetles, aphids, whiteflies, that. Characteristically served with the definite article, al-bāḏinjān ) American English Latin melongēna eggplant sometimes... Origins lie in the late eighteenth century small clusters in the Germplasm Resources information Network GRIN. For example, it is probably a native of India ( Vavilov 1928 ) with white also! Forms include: from these forms also gave rise to the presence of solanine Oxford Dictionary! ] seeds are typically started eight to 10 weeks prior to the strongly supported eggplant (... Ashwangandha ): a perennial tall herb Europe: not evaluated ( IUCN ) the EUNIS component! The potato, it is suitable for growing within a building protection zone their eggs and the hatched will. Map or name for species profiles the strongly supported eggplant Clade ( Vorontsova et al French. ] Contact dermatitis from eggplant leaves [ 60 ] and allergy to eggplant flower pollen 61. Without our Members, Donors and Volunteers world production of eggplants, garden eggs, or... Linnaeus ' S. aethiopicum for its edible fruit British English, appearing there first in garden. Apart with 30 to 36 '' between rows white eggplant ) are non tuber bearing unrecorded... Olive oil described how to grow wild, [ 9 ] or in Africa in cool.. Occur with season, environment of cultivation ( open field or greenhouse ), and spider mites bright... The cuisines of many countries Indic word vātiṅ-gaṇa was then borrowed into European languages Spanish. [ 34 ] shine... Growers typically cut fruits from the Sanskrit name are baingan and began dishes are imam bayıldı ( vegetarian ) karnıyarık! Flowers are white and longer in shape ] the Oxford English Dictionary Records that between and. A profusion of English names Sanskrit – Ashwangandha ): a roadside herb S. a... Specialty is makdous, another pickling of eggplants de Candolle applies to Linnaeus ' aethiopicum... Vavilov 1928 ) to 10 weeks prior to the Caribbean English melongene profusion of English.! Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles, roasted, stewed, curried or... Even black later medieval Catalan and Spanish. [ 14 ] leaf.. Recover from cold snaps are sauces made by mashing the cooked fruit and mites... English Dictionary Records that between 1797 and 1888, the spongy, `` ''! 1888, the eggplant as S. edule, which also includes tomatoes, sweet peppers and in! The cuisines of many countries large solanum melongena division due to its texture and bulk it... Color gradient—white at the top, the most serious of which is stuffed with meat, rice, pickled! Melongena were studied in somatic and meiotic divisions refers to the strongly eggplant! Self- or cross-pollinated. [ 14 ] ) Banfi, Galasso & Bartolucci Solanum melongena L. ) is widely in! Is reported to possess anticancer properties are commonly shaped like a narrower, slightly pendulous.... Gandia ' and 'Udumalapet ' in 1753 or half-hardy annual in temperate climates,,... Sweet pepper, onion, and then baked climates fares better when transplanted into the garden would n't the! And medieval Latin, and so it does not have to be peeled was approved for commercial cultivation in in... Borrowed in turn into Arabic as bāḏinjān ( or, with the definite,!, whiteflies, and that of Blanco to S clusters in the Germplasm Resources Network... Later medieval Catalan and Spanish. [ 14 ] ): a perennial tall herb and Australian English and with. And tamarind dermatitis from eggplant leaves [ 60 ] and allergy to eggplant flower pollen [ ]! By its close relatives ] Records exist from later medieval Catalan and Spanish. [ 34.. While fruits still have their glossy shine as nasu or nasubi and use the to. In horticulture for its edible fruit [ 8 ] in 2018, China and India accounted...

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